Ngakhale kuti kunali mipando yambiri yamaofesi yodziwika bwino koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, inali malo otsika pamapangidwe a ergonomic.Mwachitsanzo, Frank Lloyd Wright, anapanga mipando yambiri yochititsa chidwi, koma monga okonza ena, ankakonda kwambiri zokongoletsera mipando kusiyana ndi ergonomics.Nthaŵi zina, ankaganiziranso zochita za anthu.Mpando wa Larkin Building wa 1904 udapangidwa kuti azilemba.Pamene typist akutsamira kutsogolo, chomwechonso mpando.
Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika bwino kwa mpando, womwe pambuyo pake unatchedwa "mpando wodzipha", Wright adateteza mapangidwe ake, ponena kuti zimafuna kuti mukhale ndi kaimidwe kabwino.
Mpando womwe adapangira tcheyamani wa kampaniyo ukhoza kuzunguliridwa ndikuwongolera kutalika kwake, umadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamipando yayikulu kwambiri yamaofesi.Mpando, ali mu Metropolitan Museum of Art tsopano.
M’zaka za m’ma 1920, lingaliro lakuti kukhala momasuka kumapangitsa anthu kukhala aulesi linali lofala kwambiri kwakuti ogwira ntchito m’mafakitale ankakhala pa mabenchi opanda misana.Panthawiyo, panali madandaulo ochulukirachulukira okhudza kuchepa kwa zokolola komanso matenda a ogwira ntchito, makamaka pakati pa azimayi ogwira ntchito.Chifukwa chake, kampani ya Tan-Sad idayika pamsika mpando womwe ungasinthe kutalika kwa backrest.
Ergonomics pang'onopang'ono inayamba kutchuka panthawiyi m'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, komabe mawuwa adawonekera zaka zoposa 100 m'mbuyomo ndipo sanawonekere mpaka nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha, ntchito zambiri zinkafuna kuti tizikhala pansi.Mpando wa MAA wa 1958, wopangidwa ndi wojambula wa Herman Miller George Nelson, unali wongopeka chifukwa chakumbuyo kwake ndi maziko ake adapendekeka paokha, ndikupanga chidziwitso chatsopano cha thupi la munthu pantchito.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, opanga mafakitale anayamba chidwi ndi mfundo za ergonomic.Pali mabuku awiri ofunika kwambiri a ku America: "Measure of Man" ya Henry Dreyfuss ndi "Humanscale" ya Niels Diffrient akuwonetsera zovuta za ergonomics.
Rani Lueder, katswiri wa ergonomist yemwe wakhala akutsatira mpando kwa zaka zambiri, amakhulupirira kuti olemba mabuku awiriwa amachepetsa kwambiri m'njira zina, koma kuti malangizo ophwekawa amathandiza pa chitukuko cha mpando.Devenritter ndi okonza mapulani a Wolfgang Mueller ndi William Stumpf, akukwaniritsa zomwe apezazi, adatulukira njira yogwiritsira ntchito thovu lopangidwa ndi polyurethane kuti likhale lothandizira thupi.
Mu 1974, mkulu wamakono wopanga Herman Miller adapempha Stumpf kuti agwiritse ntchito kafukufuku wake kupanga mpando waofesi.Chotsatira cha mgwirizano uwu chinali Mpando wa Ergon, womwe unatulutsidwa koyamba mu 1976. Ngakhale akatswiri a ergonomics sagwirizana ndi mpando, samatsutsa kuti wabweretsa ergonomics kwa anthu ambiri.
Mpando wa Ergon ndiwosintha pankhani yaukadaulo, koma sizokongola.Kuchokera ku 1974 mpaka 1976, Emilio Ambasz ndi GiancarloPiretti adapanga "Chair Chair", yomwe imaphatikizapo uinjiniya ndi kukongola komanso kumawoneka ngati ntchito yojambula.
Mu 1980, ntchito ya muofesi inali yomwe ikukula mofulumira kwambiri pamsika wa US.Chaka chimenecho, okonza ku Norway a Peter Opsvik ndi Svein Gusrud adadza ndi njira ina yothetsera ululu wammbuyo, kukhala pansi pa desiki ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo: Osakhala, kugwada.
Mpando waku Norway Balans G, yemwe amasiya malo okhala kumanja akumanja, amagwiritsa ntchito mbali yakutsogolo.Mpando wa Balans G sunakhale wopambana.Otsatira adapanga mipandoyi popanda kuganizira mozama za mapangidwe ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale madandaulo okhudza kupweteka kwa mawondo ndi mavuto ena.
Pamene makompyuta adakhala gawo lofunikira la maofesi m'zaka za m'ma 1980, malipoti a kuvulala kokhudzana ndi makompyuta adakwera, ndipo mapangidwe ambiri a mipando ya ergonomic amalola kuti pakhale zambiri.Mu 1985, Jerome Congleton adapanga mpando wa Pos, womwe adaufotokozera kuti ndi chilengedwe komanso zero-gravity, ndipo adaphunziranso ndi NASA.
Mu 1994, olemba Herman Miller Williams Stumpf ndi Donald Chadwick adapanga Allen Chair, mwinamwake mpando wa ofesi ya ergonomic wodziwika kunja kwa dziko.Chatsopano chokhudza mpando ndikuti umathandizira msana wa lumbar, wokhala ndi khushoni yowoneka bwino yomwe imayikidwa kumbuyo kokhotakhota komwe kumatha kusintha ndi thupi kuti ligwirizane ndi malo osiyanasiyana, kaya kutsamira kulankhula pa foni kapena kutsamira kutsogolo kuti mulembe.
Nthawi zonse pamakhala mlengi yemwe amaledzera panthawi ya kafukufuku, amazungulira, ndi kulavulira pa nkhope ya dziko.Mu 1995, patangopita chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene mpando wa Allen unawonekera, Donald Judd, yemwe Jenny Pinter anamutcha wojambula ndi wosema ziboliboli, anakulitsa kumbuyo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mpando kuti apange mpando wowongoka, wonga bokosi.Atafunsidwa za chitonthozo chake, iye anaumirira kuti "mipando yowongoka ndi yabwino kudya ndi kulemba."
Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa Allen Chair, pakhala mipando yambiri yochititsa chidwi.Panthawiyi, mawu akuti ergonomics akhala opanda tanthauzo chifukwa pali maphunziro ochuluka komanso abwino kuposa kale lonse, koma palibenso momwe mungadziwire ngati mpando ndi ergonomic.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-16-2023